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Normal Forms in Database Design

Normal forms in database design are a series of guidelines (primarily 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and higher like BCNF) for organizing relational databases to minimize data redundancy and dependency. They achieve this by progressively decomposing tables based on functional dependencies, starting with ensuring atomic values and unique rows (1NF), eliminating partial dependencies (2NF), and removing transitive dependencies (3NF). These forms are important because they prevent insertion, update, and deletion anomalies—issues that cause inconsistencies or data loss during modifications—while improving data integrity, reducing storage waste from duplicates, and making the database easier to maintain and query efficiently. In practice, achieving at least 3NF is standard for most applications to ensure reliability without overcomplicating the schema. First Normal Form (1NF): Attribute values must be atomic. That is, for example, there should be no lists. Thus, an attribute like CustomerEmails in the Cu...
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How to setup NextCloud (file hosting) on your UGREEN NAS

One of the great features of having your own NAS is that you can run your own file server without paying for a hosted service or dealing with the limits of free tiers (like Google Drive). ​ Nextcloud is a popular file-hosting client–server application that you can easily install on your NAS. ​ In this guide, it will be installed as a Docker container from the command line, so before you proceed you need to be able to connect to your NAS via SSH ( https://mozgc.blogspot.com/2025/05/how-to-connect-to-your-ugreen-nas-via.html ) and have Docker installed. ​ After you have connected to your NAS via SSH, execute this command: ​ docker run -d \ --name=nextcloud \ -e PUID=1000 \ -e PGID=10 \ -e TZ=Etc/UTC \ --publish 8080:80 \ -v /volume1/docker/nextcloud/config:/config \ -v /volume1/docker/nextcloud/data:/data \ --restart unless-stopped \ lscr.io/linuxserver/nextcloud:latest Breakdown of the command: docker run Creates and starts a new container from the specified image. -d ...
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In the search of Fiio FH9 IEMs alternative or the search for the best sounding IEMs in different budgets, up to $2200

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I'm a big fan of Fiio’s sound quality, but I've been very disappointed by their physical build and technical reliability. While the audio on their devices is always superb, I've run into several issues with their products. I love my Fiio FH9 IEMs—they feature a hybrid setup with one dynamic driver and six balanced armature drivers—and they were the best-sounding IEMs I could find within my $600 budget when I was shopping for IEMs a few years ago. Unfortunately, both pairs died on me after about a year on average. To be exact, one pair failed after just six months (I plan to send it to Fiio under warranty, hoping they won't claim I broke it), and the second pair stopped working after about two years. Both had the same issue: the connection between the earbuds and cables is very poor, causing either intermittent failures or complete loss of function over time. I tried three different cables and also used Fiio’s UTSW5 Bluetooth earhooks, but the problem is definitely with ...
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How to disable or rebind NVidia's Statistics Overlay (Alt + R)

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I spent quite a while figuring out how to disable or unbind the NVidia's Statistics Overlay that appears when you press Alt + R by default. It's really frustrating that NVIDIA has taken over the Alt + R combination. Not only is it easy to trigger Alt + R by accident, but this hotkey is commonly used for other purposes as well. Here’s how you can rebind it to something else: 1) Open the NVIDIA app and click the “triangle” icon in the top right corner: 2) In the just appeared overlay click the Settings icon: 3) Then select Shortcuts: 4) And finally change "Toggle statistics overlay on/off" hotkey to something else:
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How to use AutoHotKey to execute scripts quering AIs with a single mouse button click

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AutoHotkey 2.0 enables sophisticated automation workflows by binding custom scripts to hardware inputs. Among countless other things, this can create seamless integration between peripheral devices and web-based AI interfaces through keystroke interception and URL automation. The approach described in this article leverages the script's hotkey system to map mouse button events to chat AI queries.  Explanation of the workflow AutoHotkey v2 scripts can execute chat AI queries through URL automation and web browser integration, enabling rapid access to specific AI assistance workflows. The core implementation involves creating hotkey functions that open browser tabs with pre-constructed query parameters—for example, " grok.com?q=ask something " launches Grok with the prompt "ask something". AutoHotKey scripts can leverage clipboard control to capture selected text and append contextual prompts before submitting to AI services.   I personally like mice with many pro...
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How to choose and calibrate subwoofer(s)

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(PSA EV18-NEO) I often get questions about adding subwoofers to a sound system. Having recent experience with this, I decided to write an article on choosing and calibrating them. One common question is whether you can achieve quality sound by adding a subwoofer to an existing system without replacing everything. The answer is: with a good subwoofer and proper calibration—absolutely. I don’t have experience with ultra-expensive high-end subwoofers, but in the mid-range ($500–$3,000 per sub), the top five manufacturers are: Rythmik PSA (Power Sound Audio, owned by Tom Vodhanel, a former SVS founder) SVS HSU Monoprice (Monolith line) JTR Subwoofers have great reviews, but they are considered hi-end and are pricey compared to the previous manufacturers. For example their 18" sealed sub (Captivator RS1) is currently $3700 You can’t go wrong with any of these. SVS is the most popular, and though they’re a bit pricey, their advantage is accessibility. You can order them easily and retu...
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The search for the best closed headphones in the world has been completed: Dan Clark Stealth have been found! :)

I already own the perfect open-back headphones within a $2,000 budget—the HIFIMAN HE1000 v2—but I decided to pursue the best closed-back headphones available. Life is short, and I spend several hours daily listening to music through headphones, whether working or walking. Music is a constant in my life. Now I wanted closed-back headphones for better isolation from external noise. I share my office room with two parrots, and while I adore them, their songs and screeches often disrupt my ability to fully immerse myself in music. To find the best closed-back headphones, I began by reading dozens of reviews from reputable sources like audiophile-heaven.com and head-fi.org . After compiling a list of top contenders, I visited several large stores in the Greater New York City area, such as B&H , to test them. For models unavailable in stores, I ordered “used, like new” options from Amazon and Walmart to save money and ensure returns wouldn’t be an issue, as the headphones had already be...
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